Anyone that takes opioids can be at risk for an overdose, including: Anyone using high doses combined with another prescription. Children and the elderly Anyone resuming opioid use after a prolonged period of abstention (e.g. completion of detoxification, release from incarceration, cessation of treatment) People using prescription opioids without medical supervision Those using a combination of opioids with alcohol, other substances, and/or medicines that inhibit respiratory function (e.g some pain medications, anesthetics, or benzodiazepines)

Naloxone is intended to reverse opioid overdoses, therefore it is only effective for drugs classified as opioids. Opioids include prescription painkillers such as: oxycodone hydrocodone codeine morphine fentanyl, heroin. Naloxone will not be effective for overdoses due to other substances. In the event of an overdose involving fentanyl, a higher dose of naloxone may be needed, due to the increased potency.

Naloxone is meant for immediate reversal of an opioid disorder. Buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone are all FDA-approved medications used to treat opioid use disorder. These medications are designed for relapse prevention, medically supervised withdrawal, and/or maintenance, and are only available through prescription or as part of an opioid treatment program. 

The side effects of naloxone resemble opioid withdrawal symptoms including, but not limited to, body aches, nervousness or irritability, dizziness, diarrhea or nausea, fever, chills, and runny nose.  An allergic reaction to naloxone may present as hives and/or swelling in the lips, eyes, and face. In the event of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical assistance.